MANAGING HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE WITH ACE INHIBITORS: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW?

Abstract

Hypertension remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating effective and long-term management strategies. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely used as first-line agents in controlling high blood pressure due to their proven efficacy and beneficial effects on multiple organ systems. This review provides an in-depth analysis of ACE inhibitors in the management of hypertension, including their mechanism of action through the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which results in vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. We discuss the clinical efficacy of ACE inhibitors in comparison to other antihypertensive classes, highlighting their added benefits in cardiovascular and renal protection, particularly in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease. The safety profile of ACE inhibitors, including common and serious side effects like cough, Hyperkalaemia, and angioedema, is also examined, alongside contraindications and drug interactions. Special considerations for elderly patients and those with multiple health conditions are addressed, emphasizing the role of ACE inhibitors in personalized treatment. Finally, emerging research on new ACE inhibitors and combination therapies, as well as the potential for genetic-based treatment approaches, is explored. ACE inhibitors remain a cornerstone in hypertension management, offering both efficacy and protection against long-term complications.