ALKALOIDS IN CANCER THERAPY: PHYTOCHEMICAL STRATEGIES FOR TARGETED TREATMENT

Abstract

Alkaloids, a diverse group of plant-derived compounds, have demonstrated significant potential in cancer therapy due to their unique bioactive properties. This review explores the therapeutic role of alkaloids, focusing on their mechanisms of action, targeted delivery strategies, and clinical relevance. Key alkaloids such as vincristine, camptothecin, and berberine exhibit anticancer effects through various mechanisms, including apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis. Advances in nanotechnology and drug delivery systems have further enhanced the efficacy and bioavailability of alkaloids, enabled more precise targeting of cancer cells and reduced systemic toxicity. However, challenges such as low bioavailability, toxicity, and the development of resistance remain significant obstacles in alkaloid-based therapies. The review also highlights clinical trials, the current status of alkaloid-based drugs, and emerging trends, including synthetic derivatives and combination therapies with conventional cancer treatments. Overall, alkaloids hold great promise as targeted, phytochemical-based options in cancer treatment, with future research required to optimize their efficacy and safety. This review provides an in-depth examination of alkaloids’ potential and underscores their role as innovative agents in the pursuit of effective cancer therapies.