The benefits and risks of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Abstract

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly utilized for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties, making them a cornerstone in managing pain and inflammation across various clinical settings. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the benefits and risks associated with NSAID use. NSAIDs function by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes, which play a pivotal role in prostaglandin synthesis, thereby alleviating pain and reducing inflammation. Their effectiveness in treating conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and post-operative pain is well-documented. However, the benefits come with notable risks, including gastrointestinal complications such as dyspepsia, ulcers, and bleeding, as well as cardiovascular issues, such as heart attack and stroke. In addition, renal and hepatic adverse effects and allergic reactions pose significant concerns. This review aims to balance the therapeutic advantages of NSAIDs against their potential risks, emphasizing the importance of individualized treatment plans.