“New advances in the management of multiple sclerosis: Disease-modifying therapies and beyond” a look at the latest treatments for multiple sclerosis, including novel disease-modifying therapies

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system, leading to a wide range of neurological symptoms. Advances in disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have revolutionized MS treatment, aiming to reduce relapse rates, slow disease progression, and improve quality of life. This review discusses recent developments in oral and infusion-based DMTs, including ozanimod, siponimod, ocrelizumab, and alemtuzumab, highlighting their mechanisms, efficacy, and safety profiles. Emerging therapies such as ofatumumab, evobrutinib, and ibudilast show promising potential in clinical trials, offering new approaches for B-cell depletion, neuroprotection, and immunomodulation. The review also examines the role of combination therapies, rehabilitation strategies, and lifestyle modifications, which are critical in addressing specific symptoms such as spasticity, fatigue, and mobility issues. Complementary therapies, including mindfulness, yoga, and acupuncture, are discussed as supportive measures in MS care. As research continues to advance, personalized treatment approaches incorporating DMTs, lifestyle changes, and symptom management provide hope for improving outcomes in MS patients. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of contemporary strategies in MS management and emerging therapeutic options.