Phytochemical screening of medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity: recent advances

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance has intensified the search for novel and effective therapeutic agents, with medicinal plants emerging as a promising source. This review explores recent advances in the phytochemical screening of medicinal plants to identify bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. Key phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins, are discussed, highlighting their mechanisms of action against various pathogens. We provide an overview of both traditional and innovative screening techniques, such as high-throughput screening, metabolomics, and computational approaches, which have enhanced the discovery process. Additionally, the review addresses challenges in phytochemical research, such as standardization issues, extraction limitations, and safety concerns. Insights into synergistic applications with conventional antibiotics are examined, demonstrating potential for enhanced antimicrobial efficacy. Specific case studies on notable medicinal plants are included to showcase practical examples of antimicrobial success. While significant progress has been made, further research is needed to overcome clinical translation challenges and to develop sustainable, plant-based antimicrobials. This review underscores the potential of medicinal plants in addressing global health concerns associated with antimicrobial resistance and offers perspectives for future research in Phytotherapy.